<img src="https://gyazo.com/99aee51c852fc7e6f42831f908b9799b/thumb/1000" alt="image">
 - <a href="/en/Testing%20lowers%20confidence%20and%20increases%20the%20percentage%20of%20correct%20answers.">Testing lowers confidence and increases the percentage of correct answers.</a>
The Intellectual Production of Engineers, p. 87
<img src="https://gyazo.com/a49465efb366068b5c579dc454149106/thumb/1000" alt="image">
<ul>
<li>The group with the least <a href="/en/confidence%20(in%20oneself)">confidence (in oneself)</a> had the highest performance<ul>
<li>Figure <a href="/en/Testing%20lowers%20confidence%20and%20increases%20the%20percentage%20of%20correct%20answers.">Testing lowers confidence and increases the percentage of correct answers.</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Subjective &quot;<a href="/en/Confidence%20in%20understanding">Confidence in understanding</a>&quot; does not correctly reflect actual [understanding<ul>
<li><img src='https://scrapbox.io/api/pages/nishio-en/nishio/icon' alt='nishio.icon' height="19.5"/>says &quot;<a href="/en/Understanding%20is%20a%20hypothesis">Understanding is a hypothesis</a>&quot; refers to this<ul>
<li>Need to <a href="/en/verify">verify</a> by testing</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
Karpicke, J. D. and Blunt, J. R. (2011). &quot;Retrieval practice produces more learning than elaborative studying with concept mapping&quot;. Science, 331(6018), 772-775.
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Not confident, but high grades.