Read "The Structure of World History."

• Amazon
• Read "Structure of World History
  • Yukito Emaya

Q: Why do gifts occur p. 138 A: There has been a fear of the natural state of Hobbes since the time of the nomadic people.

• When you meet another band, you give them a gift before you fight them.
• creating peace through giving.
• This relationship will not last, because the nomadic population will move on.
• Fear of the natural state, urge to leave the natural state
• Hobbes conceived of an escape from the state of nature in the form of everyone submitting to the One "Leviathan." - social compact
  • This is based on violence.
  • There is a social contract that is not based on violence, which is reciprocity of gifts.
    • Kula trade in the Trobriand Islands
    • This is a small "world system"

- [principle of reciprocity](/en/principle%20of%20reciprocity) is assumed. - Give first and be assured that your gift will be returned. - If attacked, fight back. - In the long run, belligerent bands became exhausted and disappeared, thus establishing a society based on reciprocal gift-giving. - The historical fact is that that equilibrium state was not maintained. - At some point a cycle occurred in which the stronger became stronger, and a single strongman "[leviathan](/en/leviathan)" was born

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