UBI discussions may be tied to concerns about job loss due to AI.
Unemployment benefits and subsidies are alternative ways to support those who lose jobs.
The duration of unemployment benefits should be long enough for people to learn new skills and find new jobs.
It's difficult to predict what new jobs AI will create in the next 5-10 years.
AI assistants, like Alexa, may become more prevalent and intelligent, potentially reducing the need for traditional sources of information like books.
English Conversation Lesson
A: Some people say that this AI will cause the loss of 300 million human jobs in the near future.
B: By AI?
A: Yes, they will be replaced. Is that a reasonable concern, do you think?
B: I think when new technology emerges, many jobs become obsolete. And usually there are a lot of new jobs. For example, some artists lost their job because of generative AI, which is creating images, but it is like a camera. When the technology of camera developed, many painters said it will take my job from me.
A: Okay, in this case, there were a lot of portrait artists.
B: Most of those kind of jobs have diminished.
A: Okay, but maybe you were going to explain what has replaced them.
B: Yes, I mean, instead of the job, we got a new area of art called photography.
A: Okay.
B: Yes, and it is the process of civilization evolution. Some part of the job will disappear, and a new kind of job appears.
A: So, you're saying that those 300 million people can find other jobs?
B: Yes, maybe. By the way, there is another thing about the topic. The CEO of OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT, Sam Altman, said we need a universal basic income (UBI).
A: Oh, that was my next question. Is the increasing discussion about Universal Basic Income (UBI) a result of governments realizing that, in the future, many people may not have any work to do?
B: Yes, that's right.
A: Do you agree with that? I have read a lot of articles in the news or media talking about UBI, and I'm wondering, is this to prepare people for a time when many of them will lose their jobs because of AI?
B: I think we can't answer for the problem in yes or no. It is not a binary question. Some part of the jobs will be lost, and the number of unemployed people will increase. It may increase the instability of society. So, we need to take care of the people. And one possible way to take care of them is a universal basic income. And actually, it is not the only way to take care of them. For example, implementing a subsidy.
A: Subsidies?
B: Yes, The government provides a lot of subsidies. All workers pay for unemployment insurance. And when Japanese people lose their jobs, the government gives them two-thirds of their salary for 1.5 years.
A: Ah, right. So, you are saying about unemployment benefits.
B: Yes, unemployment benefits. We may need to increase the amount of unemployment benefits.
A: How long would you say?
B: I'm not sure. As long as possible. Because people need enough time to re-learn and gain new skills.
A: Oh, okay. So the unemployed people can move to another job. Maybe there will be new, emerging jobs.
B: A lot of new jobs will emerge, due to AI.
A: Yeah, but I find it difficult to imagine what these jobs are going to be.
B: No one can predict what will emerge in the next five years. I've written some books in Japanese, but I'm currently not sure if there will be a need to write books in five or ten years. Because people will ask their questions to AI intread of reading books. Many people don't want to read books; they want to ask an AI assistant.
A: Oh, okay, like Alexa?
B: Yes, Alexa. The current Alexa is not so clever, but soon it become cleverer than most people.